G31G35G33 Whiplaskskador – samband med krockvåldNFT 2/2002 av Maria Krafft och Anders Kullgren Inledning G42G69G6CG61G72G73G20 G6BG72G6FG63G6BG73GE4G6BG65G72G68G65G74G20 G68G61G72G20 G66GF6G72G62GE4G74G74G72G61G74G73G20 G72G61G64G69G6BG61G6CG74 G64G65G20G73G65G6EG61G73G74G65G20G64G65G63G65G6EG6EG69G65G72G6EG61G2EG20G52G69G73G6BG65G6EG20G66GF6G72G20G69G6EG76G61G6CG69G64G69G74G65G74 G76G69G64G20 G6FG6CG69G6BG61G20 G74G79G70G65G72G20 G61G76G20 G70G65G72G73G6FG6EG73G6BG61G64G6FG72G20 G68G61G72G20 GF6G76G65G72G6CG61G67 G6DG69G6EG73G6BG61G74G20G64G72G61G73G74G69G73G6BG74G2EG20G49G20G65G6EG20G6AGE4G6DG66GF6G72G65G6CG73G65G20G6DG65G6CG6CG61G6EG20G62G69G6CG61G72 G6BG6FG6EG73G74G72G75G65G72G61G64G65G20G69G20G62GF6G72G6AG61G6EG20G61G76G20G38G30G2DG74G61G6CG65G74G20G6FG63G68G20G73G6CG75G74G65G74G20G61G76 G39G30G2DG74G61G6CG65G74G20 G68G61G72G20 G72G69G73G6BG65G6EG20 G66GF6G72G20 G73G6BG61G6CG6CG2DG20 G6FG63G68G20 G62G65G6EG73G6BG61G64G61 G6DG69G6EG73G6BG61G74G20G6DG65G64G20G63G61G20G37G30G25G20G28G31G29G2EG20G44G65G74G20G62G65G72G6FG72G20G73G61G6EG6EG6FG6CG69G6BG74 G66G72GE4G6DG73G74G20G70GE5G20G61G74G74G20G6BG72G6FG63G6BG6BG75G64G64G65G20G6FG63G68G20GF6G76G72G69G67G20G73GE4G6BG65G72G68G65G74G73G2D G75G74G72G75G73G74G6EG69G6EG67G20G62G6CG69G76G69G74G20G73G74G61G6EG64G61G72G64G2CG20G73G61G6DG74G69G64G69G67G74G20G73G6FG6DG20G62G69G6CG2D G6BG75G70GE9G6EG20G68GE5G6CG6CG73G20G69G6EG74G61G6BG74G20G69G20G68GF6G67G72G65G20G68G61G73G74G69G67G68G65G74G65G72G20GE4G6EG20G74G69G64G69G2D G67G61G72G65G2E G44GE4G72G65G6DG6FG74G20 G68G61G72G20 G65G6EG64G61G73G74G20 G65G74G74G20 G66GE5G74G61G6CG20 G62G69G6CG74G69G6CG6CG76G65G72G6BG61G72G65 G6EGE4G6DG6EG76GE4G72G74G20GE5G74G67GE4G72G64G61G74G20G62G69G6CG65G6EG73G20G6BG6FG6EG73G74G72G75G6BG74G69G6FG6EG20G69G20G73G79G66G74G65 G61G74G74G20G66GF6G72G65G62G79G67G67G61G20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G73G6BG61G64G6FG72G2EG20G55G6EG64G65G72G20G38G30G2DG74G61G6CG65G74 G6CG61G6EG73G65G72G61G64G65G73G20 G73G2EG6BG2EG20 G6EG61G63G6BG73G6BG79G64G64G20 G65G6CG6CG65G72G20 G68G75G76G75G64G73G74GF6G64G2E G44G65G20G68G61G72G20G76G69G73G61G74G20G73G69G67G20G68G61G20G65G6EG20G72G65G6CG61G74G69G76G74G20G6CGE5G67G20G73G6BG79G64G64G73G65G66G66G65G6BG74 G28G32G2CG33G29G2EG20G41G6EG64G72G61G20G6EG79G61G20G6BG6FG6EG73G74G72G75G6BG74G69G6FG6EG65G72G20G74G79G63G6BG73G20G68G61G20GF6G6BG61G74 G72G69G73G6BG65G6EG20G66GF6G72G20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G73G6BG61G64G61G2E G20 G41G76G20 G61G6CG6CG61G20 G70G65G72G73G6FG6EG73G6BG61G64G6FG72G2CG20 G73G6FG6DG20 G69G6EG74G72GE4G66G66G61G72G20 G69G20 G62G69G6CG2D G6BG6FG6CG6CG69G73G69G6FG6EG65G72G20G69G20G53G76G65G72G69G67G65G2CG20G72G65G70G72G65G73G65G6EG74G65G72G61G72G20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G2D G73G6BG61G64G6FG72G2CG20 G73G6FG6DG20 G6CG65G64G65G72G20 G74G69G6CG6CG20 G6DG65G64G69G63G69G6EG73G6BG20 G69G6EG76G61G6CG69G64G69G74G65G74G2C Whiplashrelaterade besvär den vanligaste ska- dan i bilkollisioner, som leder till medicinsk invaliditet. Trots detta finns ännu inga lagkrav eller konsumenttester som reglerar/påverkar utvecklingen mot mer effektiva skyddssystem i fordon. Ett skäl är svårigheten att skapa en testmetod, eftersom den skadegenererande fak- torn delvis är okänd. Bristen på krockprovskri- terier avspeglar sig också i bilparken, där risk- skillnaden mellan olika modeller är stor. Nya resultat från verkliga olyckor i bilar utrustade med ”svarta lådor” visar ett starkt samband mellan de krafter som verkar i krockfasen och risken för whiplashskada. Materialet visar omfattningen hur krockvåld förklarar olika skadeutfall, dessutom skapas möjligheter att utveckla en valid testmetod baserat på tröskel- värden för skada-icke skada. Med.dr Maria Krafft är biträdande forsknings- chef på Folksam och docent Anders Kullgren är forskningschef på Folksam. Vid Svenska Försäkringsföreningens person- skadeseminarium den 17 oktober 2001 redovi- sade Maria Krafft huvuddragen i denna artikel. Maria Krafft maria.krafft@folksam.se Anders Kullgren anders.kullgren@folksam.se Whiplashskador – samband med krockvåld vid påkörning bakifrån G31G35G34 Whiplaskskador – samband med krockvåld GF6G76G65G72G20G36G35G25G20G28G34G29G2EG20G49G20G73G6CG75G74G65G74G20G70GE5G20G37G30G2DG74G61G6CG65G74G20G76G61G72G20G6DG6FG74G73G76G61G2D G72G61G6EG64G65G20G61G6EG64G65G6CG20G6BG6EG61G70G70G74G20G33G30G25G20G28G35G29G2EG20GD6G6BG6EG69G6EG67G65G6EG20G62G65G72G6FG72 G64G65G6CG76G69G73G20G70GE5G20G61G74G74G20G61G6EG64G72G61G20G70G65G72G73G6FG6EG73G6BG61G64G6FG72G20G6DG69G6EG73G6BG61G74G20G6DG65G6E G6FG63G6BG73GE5G20G70GE5G20 G61G74G74G20 G64G65G6EG20 G61G62G73G6FG6CG75G74G61G20 G61G6EG64G65G6CG65G6EG20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G2D G73G6BG61G64G6FG72G20 GF6G6BG61G74G20 GF6G76G65G72G20 G74G69G64G2CG20 G65G6EG6CG69G67G74G20 G66G6CG65G72G61G20 G73G74G75G64G69G65G72G20 G69 G53G76G65G72G69G67G65G20G6FG63G68G20G61G6EG64G72G61G20G6CGE4G6EG64G65G72G28G36G2CG37G29G2E G55G6EG67G65G66GE4G72G20 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G61G6BG74G69G76G65G72G61G74G73G2EG20 G44G65G73G73G75G74G6FG6DG20 G73G70G65G6CG61G72 G65G6CG61G73G74G69G73G6BG61G20 G65G67G65G6EG73G6BG61G70G65G72G20 G69G20 G62G69G6CG65G6EG73G20 G73G74G72G75G6BG74G75G72G20 G65G6EG20 GE4G6E G6DG65G72G20G61G76G67GF6G72G61G6EG64G65G20G72G6FG6CG6CG20G76G69G64G20G6CGE5G67G61G20G68G61G73G74G69G67G68G65G74G65G72G2CG20 G76G69G6CG2D G6BG65G74G20G69G6EG6EG65G62GE4G72G20G61G74G74G20G6BG72G6FG63G6BG76GE5G6CG64G65G74G20G72G69G73G6BG65G72G61G73G20G61G74G74G20G75G6EG64G65G72G2D G73G6BG61G74G74G61G73G20 G28G31G35G2CG31G36G29G2E G46GF6G72G20G61G74G74G20GF6G6BG61G20G6BG76G61G6CG69G74GE9G6EG20G70GE5G20G6DGE4G74G64G61G74G61G20G66G72GE5G6EG20G76G65G72G6BG6CG69G2D G67G61G20G6FG6CG79G63G6BG6FG72G20G68G61G72G20G76G69G73G73G61G20G62G69G6CG61G72G20G70GE5G20G73G65G6EG61G72G65G20G74G69G64G20G75G74G72G75G73G2D G74G61G74G73G20 G6DG65G64G20 G61G63G63G65G6CG65G72G6FG6DG65G74G72G61G72G2CG20 G76G69G6CG6BG61G20 G6DGE4G74G65G72G20 G62G69G6CG65G6EG73 G61G63G63G65G6CG65G72G61G74G69G6FG6EG73G6BG72G61G66G74G65G72G20 G75G6EG64G65G72G20 G6BG72G6FG63G6BG66G61G73G65G6EG20 G6FG63G68 G64GE4G72G6DG65G64G20 G68G61G73G74G69G67G68G65G74G73GE4G6EG64G72G69G6EG67G65G6EG2EG20 G46G6FG6CG6BG73G61G6DG20 G68G61G72 G73G65G64G61G6EG20 G62GF6G72G6AG61G6EG20 G61G76G20 G39G30G2DG74G61G6CG65G74G20 G75G74G72G75G73G74G61G74G20 G62G69G6CG61G72G20 G6DG65G64 G22G73G76G61G72G74G61G20G6CGE5G64G6FG72G22G20G28G31G34G29G2E Resultat från bilar med krockpulsmätare – svarta lådor. G46G6FG6CG6BG73G61G6DG20G68G61G72G20G75G74G72G75G73G74G61G74G20G64G72G79G67G74G20G31G35G30G20G30G30G30G20G62G69G6CG61G72G20G6DG65G64 G22G73G76G61G72G74G61G20 G6CGE5G64G6FG72G22G2CG20 G73G2EG6BG2EG20 G6BG72G6FG63G6BG70G75G6CG73G6DGE4G74G61G72G65G2CG20 G66GF6G72G20 G61G74G74 G6BG75G6EG6EG61G20 G61G6EG61G6CG79G73G65G72G61G20 G73G61G6DG62G61G6EG64G65G74G20 G6DG65G6CG6CG61G6EG20 G6BG72G6FG63G6BG2D G76GE5G6CG64G20G6FG63G68G20G70G65G72G73G6FG6EG73G6BG61G64G61G2EG20G53G65G64G61G6EG20G31G39G39G35G20G68G61G72G20G34G30G20G30G30G30 G61G76G20 G62G69G6CG61G72G6EG61G20 G65G6EG20 G6BG72G6FG63G6BG70G75G6CG73G6DGE4G74G61G72G65G2CG20 G73G6FG6DG20 G75G74GF6G76G65G72 G66G72G6FG6EG74G61G6CG6BG6FG6CG6CG69G73G69G6FG6EG65G72G20GE4G76G65G6EG20G72G65G67G69G73G74G72G65G72G61G72G20G6BG6FG6CG6CG69G73G69G6FG6EG65G72 G31G35G35 Whiplaskskador – samband med krockvåld G62G61G6BG69G66G72GE5G6EG2EG20G52G65G73G75G6CG74G61G74G65G6EG20G66G72GE5G6EG20G39G34G20G66GF6G72G61G72G65G20G6FG63G68G20G66G72G61G6DG2D G73GE4G74G65G73G70G61G73G73G61G67G65G72G61G72G65G20G69G20G36G36G20G6BG6FG6CG6CG69G73G69G6FG6EG65G72G20G62G61G6BG69G66G72GE5G6EG20G72G65G2D G64G6FG76G69G73G61G73G20G69G20G74G69G64G73G6BG72G69G66G74G65G6EG20G54G72G61G66G66G69G63G20G49G6EG6AG75G72G79G20G50G72G65G76G65G6EG74G69G6FG6E G6AG75G6EG69G20G32G30G30G32G20G28G31G37G29G2EG20G4EG65G64G61G6EG20G66GF6G6CG6AG65G72G20G65G74G74G20G73G61G6DG6DG61G6EG64G72G61G67G2E G49G20 G73G74G75G64G69G65G6EG20 G64G65G6CG61G73G20 G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G73G6BG61G64G6FG72G6EG61G20 G69G6EG20 G69G20 G66G79G72G61 G6FG6CG69G6BG61G20 G73G6BG61G64G65G6BG61G74G65G67G6FG72G69G65G72G3AG20 G6FG73G6BG61G64G61G64G2CG20 G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6D G6DG69G6EG64G72G65G20 G31G20 G6DGE5G6EG61G64G2CG20 G73G79G70G6DG74G6FG6DG20 G6DG65G72G20 GE4G6EG20 G31G20 G6DGE5G6EG61G64 G6FG63G68G20 G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20 G6DG65G72G20 GE4G6EG20 G36G20 G6DGE5G6EG61G64G65G72G2EG20 G46G6CG65G72G74G61G6CG65G74 GE5G6BG61G6EG64G65G20G73G6FG6DG20G68G61G64G65G20G6BG76G61G72G76G61G72G61G6EG64G65G20G62G65G73G76GE4G72G20G65G66G74G65G72G20G31 G6DGE5G6EG61G64G2CG20G68G61G64G65G20G6FG63G6BG73GE5G20G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G65G66G74G65G72G20G36G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64G65G72G2E G49G20 G67G72G75G70G70G65G6EG20 G22G62G65G73G76GE4G72G20 G6DG69G6EG64G72G65G20 GE4G6EG20 G31G20 G6DGE5G6EG61G64G22G2CG20 G74G69G6CG6CG2D G66G72G69G73G6BG6EG61G64G65G20G64G65G20G66G6CG65G73G74G61G20G69G6EG6FG6DG20G32G20G76G65G63G6BG6FG72G2E G49G20G74G61G62G65G6CG6CG20G31G20G76G69G73G61G73G20G67G65G6EG6FG6DG73G6EG69G74G74G6CG69G67G61G20G6BG72G6FG63G6BG76GE5G6CG64G73G2D G76GE4G72G64G65G6EG20G66GF6G72G20G6FG73G6BG61G64G61G64G65G20G6FG63G68G20GE5G6BG61G6EG64G65G20G6DG65G64G20G6BG76G61G72G73G74GE5G2D G65G6EG64G65G20G62G65G73G76GE4G72G2EG20G42GE5G64G65G20G64G65G6EG20G67G65G6EG6FG6DG73G6EG69G74G74G6CG69G67G61G20G68G61G73G74G69G67G2D G68G65G74G73GE4G6EG64G72G69G6EG67G65G6EG20 G6FG63G68G20 G6DG65G64G65G6CG61G63G63G65G6CG65G72G61G74G69G6FG6EG65G6EG20 G76G61G72 G73G69G67G6EG69G66G69G6BG61G6EG74G20G68GF6G67G72G65G20G69G20G6BG6FG6CG6CG69G73G69G6FG6EG65G72G20G64GE4G72G20G64G65G20GE5G6BG61G6EG64G65 G68G61G64G65G20G6BG76G61G72G76G61G72G61G6EG64G65G20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G6DG65G72G20GE4G6E G31G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64G2CG20G6AGE4G6DG66GF6G72G74G20G6DG65G64G20G64G65G20G61G6EG64G72G61G20G73G6BG61G64G65G6BG61G74G65G67G6FG2D G72G69G65G72G6EG61G20G22G6FG73G6BG61G64G61G64G65G22G20G6FG63G68G20G22G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G6DG69G6EG64G72G65G20GE4G6EG20G31 G6DGE5G6EG61G64G22G2EG20 G4FG73G6BG61G64G61G64G65G20 G75G74G73G61G74G74G65G73G20 G66GF6G72G20 G65G6EG20 G67G65G6EG6FG6DG2D G73G6EG69G74G74G6CG69G67G20 G68G61G73G74G69G67G68G65G74G73GE4G6EG64G72G69G6EG67G20 G61G76G20 G63G61G20 G38G20 G6BG6DG2FG68G2EG20 G46GF6G72 GE5G6BG61G6EG64G65G20G6DG65G64G20G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G6DG69G6EG64G72G65G20GE4G6EG20G31G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64G20G6FG63G68 G6DG65G72G20GE4G6EG20G36G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64G65G72G2CG20G76G61G72G20G68G61G73G74G69G67G68G65G74G73GE4G6EG64G72G69G6EG67G65G6EG20G63G61 G31G30G20G72G65G73G70G65G6BG74G69G76G65G20G32G31G20G6BG6DG2FG68G2E G53G74G75G64G69G65G6EG20G76G69G73G61G72G20G62G6CG2EG61G2EG20G73G61G6DG62G61G6EG64G65G74G20G6DG65G6CG6CG61G6EG20G77G68G69G70G2D G6CG61G73G68G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G66GF6G72G20G6FG6CG69G6BG61G20G64G75G72G61G74G69G6FG6EG65G72G20G6FG63G68G20G68G61G73G74G69G67G2D G68G65G74G73GE4G6EG64G72G69G6EG67G20G6FG63G68G20G6DG65G64G65G6CG61G63G63G65G6CG65G72G61G74G69G6FG6EG2CG20G73G65G20G66G69G67G75G72G20G31 G6FG63G68G20G32G2EG20G44G65G74G20GE4G72G20G62GE4G74G74G72G65G20G6BG6FG72G72G65G6CG61G74G69G6FG6EG20G6DG65G6CG6CG61G6EG20G73G6BG61G64G65G2D G72G69G73G6BG20G6FG63G68G20G6DG65G64G65G6CG61G63G63G65G6CG65G72G61G74G69G6FG6EG20GE4G6EG20G66GF6G72G20G68G61G73G74G69G67G68G65G74G73G2D Tabell 1. Genomsnittsliga krockvåldsvärden för olika skadeklassificeringar (17). Skadeklassi- Kategori Antal Hastighets Medel- Max (g) ficering åkan- ändring acceleration acceleration de (km/h) (g) (g) Alla 94 10,4 +/- 2,0 3,6 +/- 0,3 7,9 +/- 0,7 Rapporterade Oskadade 53 7,7 +/- 1,2 3,0 +/- 0,3 6,7 +/- 0,7 Anmält nackbesvär 41 13,9 +/- 2,6 4,4 +/- 0,4 9,5 +/- 1,0 Symptom- Symptom < 1 månad 26 10,3 +/- 2,1 3,9 +/- 0,5 8,7 +/- 1,3 längd Symptom > 1 månad 15 20,0 +/- 4,8 5,3 +/- 0,6 10,8 +/- 1,4 Symptom > 6 månader 11 20,7 +/- 6,2 5,5 +/- 0,7 11,1 +/- 1,6 Figur 1. Skaderisk för olika intervaller av hastighetsändring (17). 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 G52G61G70G70G6FG72G74G65G72G61G64G20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G73G6BG61G64G61 G53G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G3EG20G31G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64 Hastighetsändring (km/h) G31G35G36 Whiplaskskador – samband med krockvåld 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 G52G61G70G70G6FG72G74G65G72G61G64G20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G73G6BG61G64G61 G53G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G3EG20G31G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64 Medelacceleration (g) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 01234567 G53G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G3EG20G31G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64 G53G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G3CG20G31G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64 G45G6AG20G72G61G70G70G6FG72G74G65G72G61G64G20G77G68G69G70G6CG61G73G68G73G6BG61G64G61 Hastighets ändring (km/h) Medelacceleration (g) Figur 2. Skaderisk för olika intervaller av medelacceleration (17). Figur 3. Medelacceleration mot hastighetsändring för oskadade, åkande med kvarvarande symptom mindre än och mer än 1månad. (17) G31G35G37 Whiplaskskador – samband med krockvåld GE4G6EG64G72G69G6EG67G2EG20G4EGE4G72G20G6DG65G64G65G6CG61G63G63G65G6CG65G72G61G74G69G6FG6EG65G6EG20 G76G61G72G20 G33G67G20 G65G6CG2D G6CG65G72G20G6CGE4G67G72G65G2CG20G68G61G64G65G20G69G6EG67G65G6EG20G61G76G20G64G65G20G39G34G20GE5G6BG61G6EG64G65G20G6BG76G61G72G76G61G2D G72G61G6EG64G65G20G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20G65G66G74G65G72G20G31G20G6DGE5G6EG61G64G2EG20GD6G76G65G72G20G34G2EG35G67G20G76G61G72 G73G6BG61G64G65G72G69G73G6BG65G6EG20 G35G30G25G20 G28G73G79G6DG70G74G6FG6DG20 G3EG31G6DGE5G6EG61G64G29G20 G6FG63G68 G76G69G64G20G36G67G20G65G6CG6CG65G72G20G68GF6G67G72G65G20GE5G64G72G6FG67G20G73G69G67G20GF6G76G65G72G20G38G30G25G20G77G68G69G70G2D G6CG61G73G68G62G65G73G76GE4G72G20 G6DG65G72G20 GE4G6EG20 G31G20 G6DGE5G6EG61G64G2EG20G56G69G64G20 G68G61G73G74G69G67G68G65G74G73G2D GE4G6EG64G72G69G6EG67G61G72G20G75G6EG64G65G72G20G31G35G20G6BG6DG2FG68G20G66G69G63G6BG20G36G25G20G61G76G20G64G65G20GE5G6BG61G6EG2D G64G65G20 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G69G20 G72G61G6EG6BG69G6EG67G65G6EG20 G61G76G20 G62G69G6CG65G6EG73G20 G74G6FG74G61G6CG61G20 G73GE4G6BG65G72G68G65G74G2EG20 G44G65G74 G62G6CG69G72G20G65G74G74G20G76G69G6BG74G69G67G74G20G73G74G65G67G2EG20G54G69G64G69G67G61G72G65G20G65G72G66G61G72G65G6EG68G65G74G65G72G20G76G69G2D G73G61G72G20 G61G74G74G20 G62G69G6CG69G6EG64G75G73G74G72G69G6EG20 G73G6EG61G62G62G74G20 G61G6EG70G61G73G73G61G72G20 G73G69G67G20 G74G69G6CG6C G6BG6FG6EG73G75G6DG65G6EG74G74G65G73G74G65G74G73G20G6BG72G69G74G65G72G69G65G72G2CG20G65G66G74G65G72G73G6FG6DG20G73GE4G6BG65G72G68G65G74 GE4G72G20 G65G74G74G20 G76G69G6BG74G69G67G74G20 G73GE4G6CG6AG61G72G67G75G6DG65G6EG74G2EG20 G41G74G74G20 G64G65G74G20 GE4G6EG6EG75G20 G69G6EG74G65 G69G6EG66GF6G72G74G73G20G62G65G72G6FG72G20G66G72GE4G6DG73G74G20G70GE5G20G70G72G6FG62G6CG65G6DG65G74G20G61G74G74G20G73G6BG61G70G61G20G65G6E G76G61G6CG69G64G20 G74G65G73G74G6DG65G74G6FG64G2E 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G64G65G74G20 G76G61G72G61G20 G72G65G6CG61G74G69G76G74G20 G65G6EG6BG65G6CG74G20 G61G74G74 G65G78G74G72G61G68G65G72G61G20G6BG72G6FG63G6BG76GE5G6CG64G65G74G20G66GF6G72G20G6EGE4G72G20G73G6BG61G64G61G20G72G65G73G70G65G6BG74G69G2D G76G65G20 G69G63G6BG65G20 G73G6BG61G64G61G20 G69G6EG74G72GE4G66G66G61G72G20 G66GF6G72G20 G65G6EG20 G67G69G76G65G6EG20 G62G69G6CG73G74G6FG6CG73G2D G66G6CG6FG74G74G61G2EG20G55G74G69G66G72GE5G6EG20G64G65G74G74G61G20G70G65G72G73G70G65G6BG74G69G76G20G76G65G72G6BG61G72G20G64G65G74G20G6FG6EGF6G2D G64G69G67G74G20 G61G74G74G20 G66GF6G72G64G72GF6G6AG61G20 G75G74G76G65G63G6BG6CG69G6EG67G65G6EG20 G61G76G20 G76G61G6CG69G64G61G20 G74G65G73G74G2D G6DG65G74G6FG64G65G72G2CG20 G73G6FG6DG20 G6BG61G6EG20 G64G69G73G6BG72G69G6DG69G6EG65G72G61G20 G65G66G66G65G6BG74G69G76G61 G73G6BG79G64G64G73G73G79G73G74G65G6DG20G66G72GE5G6EG20G6DG69G6EG64G72G65G20G65G66G66G65G6BG74G69G76G61G2E Referenser G31G2EG20 G4BG75G6CG6CG67G72G65G6EG20 G41G2CG20 G4BG72G61G66G66G74G20 G4DG2CG20 G59G64G65G6EG69G75G73G20 G41G2EG20 G44G65G76G65G6CG6FG70G2D G6DG65G6EG74G73G20G69G6EG20G63G61G72G20G73G61G66G65G74G79G20G77G69G74G68G20G72G65G73G70G65G63G74G20G74G6FG20G64G69G73G61G62G69G6CG69G74G79G20G2D G69G6EG6AG75G72G79G20 G64G69G73G74G72G69G62G75G74G69G6FG6EG73G20 G66G6FG72G20 G63G61G72G20 G6FG63G63G75G70G61G6EG74G73G20 G69G6EG20 G63G61G72G73 G66G72G6FG6DG20 G74G68G65G20 G38G30G27G73G20 G61G6EG64G20 G39G30G27G73G2EG20 G50G72G6FG63G2EG20 G49G52G43G4FG42G49G20 G43G6FG6EG66G2E G4DGFCG6EG63G68G65G6EG2CG20G53G65G70G74G65G6DG62G65G72G20G32G30G30G32G2E G32G2EG20 G4BG61G68G61G6EG65G20 G43G4AG2EG20 G28G31G39G38G32G29G2EG20 G41G6EG20 G45G76G61G6CG75G61G74G69G6FG6EG20 G6FG66G20 G48G65G61G64 G52G65G73G74G72G61G69G6EG74G73G20G96G20G46G65G64G65G72G61G6CG20G4DG6FG6FG72G20G56G65G68G69G63G6CG65G20G53G61G66G65G74G79G20G53G74G61G6EG2D G64G61G72G64G20G32G30G32G2EG20G4EG48G54G53G41G20G74G65G63G68G6EG69G63G61G6CG20G52G65G70G72G6FG74G20G44G4FG54G20G48G53G2D G38G30G36G20G31G30G38G2EG20G4EG61G74G69G6FG6EG61G6CG20G54G65G63G68G6EG69G63G61G6CG20G49G6EG66G6FG72G6DG61G74G69G6FG6EG20G53G65G72G2D G76G69G63G65G2CG20G53G70G72G69G6EG67G66G69G65G6CG64G2CG20G56G41G2E G33G2EG20G4EG79G67G72G65G6EG20GC5G2CG20G47G75G73G74G61G66G73G73G6FG6EG20G48G2CG20G54G69G6EG67G76G61G6CG6CG20G43G2EG20G28G31G39G38G35G29G2E G45G66G66G65G63G74G73G20G6FG66G20G44G69G66G66G65G72G65G6EG74G20G54G79G70G65G73G20G6FG66G20G48G65G61G64G72G65G73G74G73G20G69G6EG20G52G65G61G72G2D G45G6EG64G20G43G6FG6CG6CG69G73G69G6FG6EG73G2EG20G31G30G74G68G20G49G6EG74G65G72G6EG61G74G69G6FG6EG61G6CG20G43G6FG6EG66G65G72G65G6EG63G65 G6FG6EG20 G45G78G70G65G72G69G6DG65G6EG74G61G6CG20 G53G61G66G74G65G79G20 G56G65G68G69G63G6CG65G73G20 G70G70G20 G38G35G2DG39G30G2C G4EG48G54G53G41G2CG55G53G41G2E G34G2EG20G4BG72G61G66G66G74G20G4DG2EG20G4EG6FG6EG2DG46G61G74G61G6CG20G49G6EG6AG75G72G69G65G73G20G74G6FG20G43G61G72G20G4FG63G63G75G70G61G6EG74G73 G96G20 G49G6EG6AG75G72G79G20 G61G73G73G65G73G73G6DG65G6EG74G20 G61G6EG64G20 G61G6EG61G6CG79G73G69G73G20 G6FG66G20 G69G6DG70G61G63G74G73 G63G61G75G73G69G6EG67G20G73G68G6FG72G74G2DG20G61G6EG64G20G6CG6FG6EG67G2DG74G65G72G6DG20G63G6FG6EG73G65G71G75G65G6EG63G65G73G20G77G69G74G68 G73G70G65G63G69G61G6CG20 G72G65G66G65G72G65G6EG63G65G20 G74G6FG20 G6EG65G63G6BG20 G69G6EG6AG75G72G69G65G73G2CG20 G44G72G54G68G65G73G69G73G2C G4BG61G72G6FG6CG69G6EG73G6BG61G20 G49G6EG73G74G69G74G75G74G65G74G2CG20 G53G74G6FG63G6BG68G6FG6CG6DG2CG20 G53G77G65G64G65G6EG2C G31G39G39G38G2E G35G2EG20G4EG79G67G72G65G6EG2CG20GC5G2EG20G28G31G39G38G34G29G2EG20G49G6EG6AG75G72G69G65G73G20G74G6FG20G43G61G72G20G4FG63G63G75G70G61G6EG74G73G20G96 G53G6FG6DG65G20 G41G73G70G65G63G74G73G20 G6FG66G20 G74G68G65G20 G49G6EG74G65G72G69G6FG72G20 G53G61G66G65G74G79G20 G6FG66G20 G43G61G72G73G2E G41G6BG74G61G20 G4FG74G6FG2DG4CG61G72G79G6EG67G6FG6CG6FG67G69G63G61G2CG20 G53G75G70G70G6CG65G6DG65G6EG74G20 G33G39G35G2C 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Udgave:
2, 2002
Språk: Svensk
Kategori:
Artikler før 2014
Bilaga